AI supply chain

Three real 2026 outages — AWS's cascading Middle East failure, Microsoft Copilot's five-hour blackout, and Claude's multi-model cascade — show why AI risk management can't stop at the vendor you signed with. With EU AI Act deployer obligations enforceable from August 2026 and Gartner naming \u201cfourth-party\u201d AI risk directly, boards need to map the AI hiding inside their vendors' vendors.